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Mondaq All Regions Business Briefing provides global coverage of all legal analysis from reputable firms, registration is FREE to access the content. Basic math skills make the early years count. The Kumon Math Program will start developing your childs very first math skills, including counting, writing numbers. IemYvg/UpLx8MDLloI/AAAAAAAAGzY/2KD9GqUoBn0/s1600/CELPIP.PNG' alt='Start Program Canada' title='Start Program Canada' />Canada Preparing to Replace its CF 1. Hornets. CF 1. 8, 2. Canadas 1. 38 CF 1. FA 1. 8 AMBM Hornets still operational. The CF 1. 8s are expected to be phased out between 2. Maintenance and upgrades will remain necessary until then, and possibly beyond. Canada has been an active Tier 3 partner in the F 3. Sort And Filter Crystal Cruises Upcoming Cruise Ship Calendar. Filter by Type, Ship, Destination Or Date. Joint Strike Fighter program, participating in both the Concept Demonstration Phase 1. System Development and Demonstration Phase 1. This USD 1. 60 million has included funding from both the Department of National Defence, and from Technology Partnerships Canada TPC. In the Production, Sustainment and Follow on Development Phase of the F 3. Canadas contribution will exceed C 5. USD over 4. 4 years. As of September 2. C 3. 35 million toward participation in the JSF Program, and related support to Canadian industry. Now, 6. 5 new CF 3. As are Canadas official choice to replace its Hornets and estimates of the cost range from 1. This article covers efforts to keep existing CF 1. Canadas replacement fighter buy. As timelines continue to slip, these 2 programs have become more interdependent and the F 3. Canada and the F 3. Timelines The F 3. Canadas. Heres the timeline as it has unfolded so far, along with Canadas plans out to 2. The timeline will change, but its unlikely to move F 3. Thats a problem, because the CF 1. Any delays to the F 3. Canadas CF 1. 8s, or leave Canada with serious gaps in its fighter fleet. From Canadas OAG, 2. F 3. 5 Canadian Industrial Partners. The F 3. 5 has been designed on 3 levels operational, industrial, and political. The tiered partnership model created initial commitments by member governments, and a sub contracting model that spread industrial benefits among committed partners was designed to create constituencies that would lobby for the F 3. That approach has generally worked. It isnt a coincidence that these industrial benefits have been the main defense used by Canadian governments whenever the F 3. Existing recipients of public money will always fight harder, because the beneficiaries of any switch are only potential winners, who havent made big commitments that would be painful to undo. This political engineering approach saved the Dutch F 3. Canada seems headed for a similar fate, and their industrial participants include According to the governments Industry Canada, contracts as of summer 2. C 5. 03 million, while total future contracts are estimated at C 9. C 8. 2. 61 billion if existing contracts are extended over the scheduled number of fighters, plus another C 1. Given the sharp order cuts were seeing in even Tier 2 partners like Britain and the Netherlands, and the USAs long term fiscal situation, Lockheed Martin might be lucky to produce half of the expected number of F 3. Lockheed Martin would argue that one can only publish official figures using official estimates, and theyd have a point, but an honest debate cant be blind to reality. This is a dilemma for all F 3. A Word on Stealth. The Stealthy Mosquito. F 3. 5A F 2. Aclick to view fullMilitary discussion in Canada has been almost non existent, beyond hand waving and the grossest generalizations. The strategic requirements for new fighters, and whether the choices available can do those jobs at acceptable cost, doesnt much concern Canadas governing class. Such references as have been made generally revolve around the need for stealth, without explaining the concept. The thing to remember is that stealth isnt invisibility, just a shorter detection distance. To use a very simplified and very Canadian analogy, a mosquito will have to be a lot closer to you before youll see it, compared to a sparrow. Hence all those surprise bites, as they exploit the gaps in your perception and get in close enough to strike. They arent invisible, though you might swear otherwise at times. On the other hand, if you use other parts of the spectrum by employing your ears, even a tiny mosquito can be detected at uncomfortably long distances in a quiet room. Thats just the beginning of your problem, of course. Awareness must be followed by pinpointing and tracking its location, and then it must come within your killing range. Its basically the same sequence for enemy systems. A fighter can survive by defeating any one link in the detection tracking reach kill chain. Stealth complicates all 3 areas, shortening detection ranges, making tracking more difficult, and frustrating or weakening final stage radar guided missile locks. Other manufacturers are correct when they respond that modern jets without the stealth marketing have much better radar cross sections that Canadas existing CF 1. Even so, the CF 3. Canada, albeit a step below the USAFs F 2. A Raptors and F 3. The thing is, modern fighters, missiles, and radars have been making their own parallel improvements over the last decade. To the point where even the F 3. Design Choices America vs. Europe. Eurofighter Meteorclick to view fullThe Americans had better hope that stealth continues to work in practice. Theyve placed their entire future fighter bet on stealth, and are paying the accompanying financial and operational costs. The Europeans, in contrast, looked askance at the added construction and maintenance costs of stealth, and at the huge expense of aerodynamic changes once a stealth design is set. They opted instead for radar cross section reduction that stopped short of full stealth, plus high kinematic performance. Advanced electronic warfare and defensive systems integrated into the planes, non standard sensors like Infra Red Search Track, and long reach weapons like the Meteor air to air missile and stealthy cruise missiles, would all improve protection in other ways. Who is right The answer to this question is very consequential to Canada, but its hard to say at this point, because the respective approaches havent been fully tested against top end enemy systems. American stealth worked very well against Iraq, twice. Modern European fighters were more than sufficient over Libya in 2. Israelis sliced through dense Syrian air defenses in 2. If stealth remains fully or mostly relevant, even as a matter of faith rather than proof, Europes high end jets will be unable to compete with American stealth fighters. Worse, the F 3. 5s full rate production costs beyond 2. On the other hand, if jamming keeps pace, or if stealths advantages can be beaten or watered down, the European approach can create cheaper planes with better aerodynamic performance. Changing the Game PIRATE IRST B 2, ICUclick to view fullRight now, modern ground radars are lengthening the ranges at which stealth aircraft can be detected, and AESA fighter radars are getting better. Those trends will continue, but neither will invalidate stealth on its own. Pci Express System Architecture. With that said, there are at least 2 key technologies that could significantly change stealth designs cost benefit ratio. Infrared Search Track IRST systems on planes like the Eurofighter and Rafale, on the F 3. Russian designed fighters, already offers a potential alternative to radar in aerial engagements. The B 2 picture above was taken by a Eurofighters PIRATE IRST system, and used in a presentation to the Norwegian government. The mechanics of fuel circulation in the F 3.